Redis Patterns
Redisデータ構造パターン、キャッシング戦略、分散ロック、レート制限、Pub/Sub、本番アプリケーション用コネクション管理。
Specification
- Skill ID
- affaan-m/ecc/redis-patterns
- Publisher
- affaan-m
- Repository
- ecc
- Installs
- 0
- Files
- 1
- Synced
- Sep 23, 2026
How to use it
Open any RiverX project, open the Skills panel in the chat, and search for this identifier. The files are fetched from the source repository at install time.
affaan-m/ecc/redis-patternsInstalls these files- SKILL.md
What this skill tells the agent
Redis Patterns
一般的なバックエンド使用例に対するRedisベストプラクティスの参考資料。
How It Works
Redisはメモリ内データ構造ストアで、文字列、ハッシュ、リスト、セット、ソート済みセット、ストリームなどをサポートします。単一インスタンスでは個々のRedisコマンドは原子的ですが、マルチステップワークフローはLuaスクリプト、MULTI/EXECトランザクション、または明示的な同期化が必要です。RDBスナップショットまたはAOFログを通じてデータをオプションで永続化します。クライアントはRESPプロトコルを使用してTCP経由で通信します。接続プール不可欠でリクエストごとのハンドシェイクオーバーヘッドを回避します。
When to Activate
- アプリケーションにキャッシング追加
- レート制限またはスロットリング実装
- 分散ロックまたはコーディネーション構築
- セッションまたはトークンストレージ設定
- Pub/SubまたはRedis Streams for messaging使用
- 本番環境でRedis設定(プール、削除、クラスタリング)
Data Structure Cheat Sheet
| Use Case | Structure | Example Key |
|---|---|---|
| Simple cache | String | product:123 |
| User session | Hash | session:abc |
| Leaderboard | Sorted Set | scores:weekly |
| Unique visitors | Set | visitors:2024-01-01 |
| Activity feed | List | feed:user:456 |
| Event stream | Stream | events:orders |
| Counters / rate limits | String (INCR) | ratelimit:user:123 |
| Bloom filter / HLL | HyperLogLog | hll:pageviews |
Core Patterns
Cache-Aside (Lazy Loading)
import redis
import json
r = redis.Redis(host='localhost', port=6379, decode_responses=True)
def get_product(product_id: int):
cache_key = f"product:{product_id}"
cached = r.get(cache_key)
if cached:
return json.loads(cached)
product = db.query("SELECT * FROM products WHERE id = %s", product_id)
r.setex(cache_key, 3600, json.dumps(product)) # TTL: 1 hour
return productWrite-Through Cache
def update_product(product_id: int, data: dict):
# DB書き込み先
db.execute("UPDATE products SET ... WHERE id = %s", product_id)
# キャッシュを即座に更新
cache_key = f"product:{product_id}"
r.setex(cache_key, 3600, json.dumps(data))Cache Invalidation
# タグベース削除 — セット内で関連キーをグループ化
def cache_product(product_id: int, category_id: int, data: dict):
key = f"product:{product_id}"
tag = f"tag:category:{category_id}"
pipe = r.pipeline(transaction=True)
pipe.setex(key, 3600, json.dumps(data))
pipe.sadd(tag, key)
pipe.expire(tag, 3600)
pipe.execute()
def invalidate_category(category_id: int):
tag = f"tag:category:{category_id}"
keys = r.smembers(tag)
if keys:
r.delete(*keys)
r.delete(tag)Session Storage
import time
import uuid
def create_session(user_id: int, ttl: int = 86400) -> str:
session_id = str(uuid.uuid4())
key = f"session:{session_id}"
pipe = r.pipeline(transaction=True)
pipe.hset(key, mapping={
"user_id": user_id,
"created_at": int(time.time()),
})
pipe.expire(key, ttl)
pipe.execute()
return session_id
def get_session(session_id: str) -> dict | None:
data = r.hgetall(f"session:{session_id}")
return data if data else None
def delete_session(session_id: str):
r.delete(f"session:{session_id}")Rate Limiting
Fixed Window (Simple)
def is_rate_limited(user_id: int, limit: int = 100, window: int = 60) -> bool:
key = f"ratelimit:{user_id}:{int(time.time()) // window}"
pipe = r.pipeline(transaction=True)
pipe.incr(key)
pipe.expire(key, window)
count, _ = pipe.execute()
return count > limitSliding Window (Lua — Atomic)
-- sliding_window.lua
local key = KEYS[1]
local now = tonumber(ARGV[1])
local window = tonumber(ARGV[2])
local limit = tonumber(ARGV[3])
redis.call('ZREMRANGEBYSCORE', key, 0, now - window)
local count = redis.call('ZCARD', key)
if count < limit then
-- Use unique member (now + sequence) to avoid collisions within the same millisecond
local seq_key = key .. ':seq'
local seq = redis.call('INCR', seq_key)
redis.call('EXPIRE', seq_key, math.ceil(window / 1000))
redis.call('ZADD', key, now, now .. '-' .. seq)
redis.call('EXPIRE', key, math.ceil(window / 1000))
return 1
end
return 0sliding_window = r.register_script(open('sliding_window.lua').read())
def allow_request(user_id: int) -> bool:
key = f"ratelimit:sliding:{user_id}"
now = int(time.time() * 1000)
return bool(sliding_window(keys=[key], args=[now, 60000, 100]))Distributed Locks
Distributed Lock (Single Node — SET NX PX)
import uuid
def acquire_lock(resource: str, ttl_ms: int = 5000) -> str | None:
lock_key = f"lock:{resource}"
token = str(uuid.uuid4())
acquired = r.set(lock_key, token, px=ttl_ms, nx=True)
return token if acquired else None
def release_lock(resource: str, token: str) -> bool:
release_script = """
if redis.call('get', KEYS[1]) == ARGV[1] then
return redis.call('del', KEYS[1])
else
return 0
end
"""
result = r.eval(release_script, 1, f"lock:{resource}", token)
return bool(result)
# Usage
token = acquire_lock("order:payment:123")
if token:
try:
process_payment()
finally:
release_lock("order:payment:123", token)マルチノード設定の場合、フルRedlockアルゴリズムを実装する redlock-py ライブラリを使用してください。Pub/Sub & Streams
Pub/Sub (Fire-and-Forget)
# Publisher
def publish_event(channel: str, payload: dict):
r.publish(channel, json.dumps(payload))
# Subscriber (blocking — run in separate thread/process)
def subscribe_events(channel: str):
pubsub = r.pubsub()
pubsub.subscribe(channel)
for message in pubsub.listen():
if message['type'] == 'message':
handle(json.loads(message['data']))Redis Streams (Durable Queue)
# Producer
def emit(stream: str, event: dict):
r.xadd(stream, event, maxlen=10000) # Cap stream length
# Consumer group — guarantees at-least-once delivery
try:
r.xgroup_create('events:orders', 'processor', id='0', mkstream=True)
except Exception:
pass # Group already exists
def consume(stream: str, group: str, consumer: str):
while True:
messages = r.xreadgroup(group, consumer, {stream: '>'}, count=10, block=2000)
for _, entries in (messages or []):
for msg_id, data in entries:
process(data)
r.xack(stream, group, msg_id)配信保証、コンシューマーグループ、または再生が必要な場合、Pub/Sub代わりにStreamsを優先してください。
Key Design
Naming Conventions
# Pattern: resource:id:field
user:123:profile
order:456:status
cache:product:789
# Pattern: namespace:resource:id
myapp:session:abc123
myapp:ratelimit:user:123
# Pattern: resource:date (time-bound keys)
stats:pageviews:2024-01-01TTL Strategy
| Data Type | Suggested TTL |
|---|---|
| User session | 24h (86400) |
| API response cache | 5–15 min |
| Rate limit window | Match window size |
| Short-lived tokens | 5–10 min |
| Leaderboard | 1h–24h |
| Static/reference data | 1h–1 week |
常にTTLを設定してください。TTLなしのキーは無限に蓄積してメモリ圧力を引き起こします。
Connection Management
Connection Pooling
from redis import ConnectionPool, Redis
pool = ConnectionPool(
host='localhost',
port=6379,
db=0,
max_connections=20,
decode_responses=True,
socket_connect_timeout=2,
socket_timeout=2,
)
r = Redis(connection_pool=pool)Cluster Mode
from redis.cluster import RedisCluster
r = RedisCluster(
startup_nodes=[{"host": "redis-1", "port": 6379}],
decode_responses=True,
skip_full_coverage_check=True,
)Sentinel (High Availability)
from redis.sentinel import Sentinel
sentinel = Sentinel(
[('sentinel-1', 26379), ('sentinel-2', 26379)],
socket_timeout=0.5,
)
master = sentinel.master_for('mymaster', decode_responses=True)
replica = sentinel.slave_for('mymaster', decode_responses=True)Eviction Policies
| Policy | Behavior | Best For |
|---|---|---|
noeviction | Error on write when full | Queues / critical data |
allkeys-lru | Evict least recently used | General cache |
volatile-lru | LRU only among keys with TTL | Mixed data store |
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