Component Family Consistency

Component Family Consistency

Every interactive component in a product — buttons, inputs, selects, checkboxes, radio buttons, pills, badges, tags, calendars, date pickers, sliders, toggles — belongs to the same visual family. They share a common design DNA. A user should be able to look at any component and feel that it belongs to the same product as every other component.

When components are designed in isolation without shared tokens, the product feels assembled from parts rather than built as a whole.

Reuse Before You Build a New Component

Before creating any component, audit what already exists — a new-from-scratch component is another mouth to feed: another entry in the family that must stay consistent (radius, height, states, motion) and another thing to maintain. Building fresh should be the last resort, not the first move. Work down this order:

1. Is there already a component that does this? Use it as-is. If it almost fits, extend it with a prop or variant rather than cloning it — one flexible Button beats PrimaryButton, BigButton, and CtaButton living in parallel.
2. Is there something close in the codebase you can generalise? Often a one-off was built inline for a single screen. If a small change would make it generic — lift it into the shared library, parameterise the hard-coded bits (label, colour, size via props/tokens), drop the screen-specific assumptions — do that instead of writing a second near-identical thing.
3. Only build new when nothing existing fits and nothing can be reasonably generalised — and when you do, build it from the shared DNA below so it joins the family cleanly.

Parallel one-offs — three near-identical buttons, two cards with different radius — are how a design system drifts. Before adding a component, ask: does this exist, or is it one refactor from existing?

The inverse also holds: a visual treatment that appears independently in 2–3 places has earned promotion — name it and make it a shared component or token before a fourth copy appears. And when pages from different design eras disagree, migrate old toward new: the newest components are the best evidence of current intent, but confirm before deprecating a style — see `generate-ui-from-brand` for the consolidation pass.

Find the inconsistency automatically (dembrandt engine, optional). Spotting where a live product has already diverged — five near-identical button radii, three greys that should be one — is tedious by eye. get_findings runs a design-system lint over a real extraction and reports consistency and duplication issues to consolidate. (And compute_drift scores how far two extractions have drifted apart — e.g. this product vs. its reference, or before vs. after a cleanup.) Use them to audit an existing product before deciding what to reuse. See `extract-design`.

The Shared DNA

Define these tokens once. Every component inherits from them.

Border-Radius

All interactive components use the same base radius token. Variations are derived, not invented.

--radius-base:    8px;   /* buttons, inputs, selects */
--radius-sm:      4px;   /* checkboxes, small badges */
--radius-lg:      12px;  /* cards, modals, large panels */
--radius-full:    9999px; /* pills, tags, avatar chips */

A button and an input on the same form must have the same radius. A pill is always --radius-full. A badge is --radius-sm or --radius-full depending on brand tone — but consistent across all badges.

Nested corners are concentric. When one rounded box sits inside another, the outer radius equals the inner radius plus the gap between them. A card with 12px padding around an 8px button needs 20px, not 12px. Get this wrong and the corners run at different curvatures a few pixels apart — nobody names it, everybody sees it.

.card {
  padding: var(--space-3);                                    /* 12px */
  border-radius: calc(var(--radius-base) + var(--space-3));   /* 8 + 12 = 20px */
}

Derive it with calc() rather than hardcoding the sum, so the corner stays correct when either token moves.

Border Style

Borders across all form components and containers should use a highly restricted set of tokens.

The 2-Step Rule: Limit border widths to at most two options (e.g., 1px and 4px, or 1px and 8px). Do not use an incremental scale like 1px, 2px, 3px, 4px.... A limited choice makes the hierarchy clear and the product feel intentional.

--border-width-thin:   1px;   /* Default for inputs, cards, dividers */
--border-width-thick:  4px;   /* Featured items, bold accents, active indicators */

--border-color:        var(--color-border);
--border-color-focus:  var(--color-primary);
--border-color-error:  var(--color-error);

An input border and a select border are identical at rest. Focus state uses --border-color-focus everywhere. Error state uses --border-color-error everywhere.

Spacing and Height

Components at the same visual scale share height and internal padding.

/* Default (md) size */
--component-height-md:    2.5rem;    /* 40px */
--component-padding-x-md: 0.75rem;   /* 12px */
--component-padding-y-md: 0.5rem;    /* 8px  */

/* Small */
--component-height-sm:    2rem;      /* 32px */
--component-padding-x-sm: 0.5rem;    /* 8px  */
--component-padding-y-sm: 0.375rem;  /* 6px  */

/* Large */
--component-height-lg:    3rem;      /* 48px */
--component-padding-x-lg: 1rem;      /* 16px */
--component-padding-y-lg: 0.625rem;  /* 10px */

Heights and text padding are in rem so a control still contains its label when the user enlarges text; borders and shadows stay in px. See [[sizing-units]].

A button and an input placed next to each other must be the same height. This is not cosmetic — mismatched heights break form layouts and signal disorder.

Set the height, do not derive it. A control sized only by padding has a height of line-height + padding + border, so two controls in one row drift apart whenever any of those three differ:

• an outlined variant beside a borderless one is 2px taller,
• a fluid or clamped font size changes the line box at some viewports and not others,
• an item whose content is an avatar or icon rather than text has a different intrinsic height.

Give every control on a line the same explicit height and centre its content. Set it as min-height, so the shape holds at rest and yields rather than clips when the content is larger than you planned.

Argue this at the box model, not at the pixels. Whether a border is part of the height is box-sizing, and naming that is what ends the discussion — a row debated in nudges never closes, because every participant is describing a different symptom of the same declaration. Under content-box the border is added to the height, so an outlined control is 2px taller than its ghost sibling and, once centred, sits 1px off it. Under box-sizing: border-box — the default in Tailwind and most resets — the border is absorbed into the height, so the boxes match and a variant can gain or lose its border without moving anything.

border-box moves the problem inward rather than removing it: the border now eats 1px of interior at the top and bottom, so a control whose content is not centred, or whose remaining interior is an odd number of pixels, still loses a rounding to one side. That is the 1px nobody can grep for. The fix is to keep the border in the box at all times — border: 1px solid transparent on the borderless variants — so the interior is identical whether or not a border is drawn.