iOS Pentesting Tricks

SKILL: iOS Pentesting Tricks — Expert Attack Playbook

AI LOAD INSTRUCTION: Expert iOS application security testing techniques. Covers jailbreak vs non-jailbreak methodology, keychain extraction, URL scheme/Universal Links abuse, Frida/Objection runtime hooks, binary protection checks, and data storage analysis. Base models miss protection class nuances and AASA misconfiguration patterns.

0. RELATED ROUTING

Before going deep, consider loading:

• mobile-ssl-pinning-bypass for in-depth SSL pinning bypass (SecTrust hooks, SSL Kill Switch, framework-specific techniques)
• android-pentesting-tricks when also testing the Android version of the same app
• api-sec for backend API security testing once traffic is intercepted

Advanced Reference

Also load IOS_RUNTIME_TRICKS.md when you need:

• Frida recipes for iOS-specific hooks (ObjC class enumeration, method swizzling)
• Objection command reference for iOS
• Runtime hooking patterns and bypass templates

1. JAILBREAK VS NON-JAILBREAK TESTING

Non-Jailbreak Testing Setup

# Extract IPA from device
ideviceinstaller -l                    # List installed apps
ios-deploy --id <UDID> --download --bundle_id com.target.app

# Or use frida-ios-dump for decrypted IPA (jailbroken)
python dump.py com.target.app

# Sideload with Frida gadget (non-jailbreak runtime hooking)
# 1. Extract IPA, 2. Insert FridaGadget.dylib into Frameworks/
# 3. Re-sign with valid profile, 4. Install via ios-deploy

2. KEYCHAIN EXTRACTION

2.1 Keychain Protection Classes

2.2 Extraction Methods

# Jailbroken: keychain-dumper
/path/to/keychain-dumper -a              # Dump all accessible items
/path/to/keychain-dumper -g password     # Generic passwords only
/path/to/keychain-dumper -i              # Internet passwords

# Frida / Objection
objection -g com.target.app explore
> ios keychain dump
> ios keychain dump --json                # JSON output for parsing

# Frida script for keychain enumeration
frida -U -f com.target.app -l keychain_dump.js

2.3 What to Look For

3. URL SCHEME HIJACKING

3.1 Custom URL Scheme Discovery

# From IPA/app bundle — check Info.plist
plutil -p /path/to/Payload/Target.app/Info.plist | grep -A 10 CFBundleURLTypes

# Example output:
# "CFBundleURLSchemes" => ["targetapp", "fb123456789"]

3.2 Hijacking Attack

Scenario: Target app registers "targetapp://" for OAuth callback

1. Attacker app also registers "targetapp://" URL scheme
2. User initiates OAuth login in target app
3. OAuth provider redirects to targetapp://callback?code=AUTH_CODE
4. iOS may open attacker's app instead (non-deterministic scheme resolution)
5. Attacker captures OAuth authorization code

3.3 URL Scheme vs Universal Links Security

4. UNIVERSAL LINKS EXPLOITATION

4.1 AASA (Apple-App-Site-Association) Misconfiguration

# Fetch AASA file
curl -s "https://target.com/.well-known/apple-app-site-association" | jq .
curl -s "https://target.com/apple-app-site-association" | jq .

# Check for wildcard patterns (overly broad)
# Bad: "paths": ["*"]     ← captures ALL URLs
# Bad: "paths": ["/NOT *"] ← poorly written exclusion

4.2 Breaking Universal Links → URL Scheme Fallback

Technique: Force Universal Link to not open app, causing fallback to URL scheme

1. User long-presses link → "Open in Safari" (disables UL for that domain)
2. Redirect chain: domain A → domain B → target (UL breaks on redirect)
3. JavaScript redirect instead of 302 (UL only works on server-side redirects)
4. App not installed → URL scheme fallback → hijackable

5. RUNTIME MANIPULATION

5.1 Frida on iOS

# Connect to app on jailbroken device
frida -U -f com.target.app --no-pause

# Basic ObjC exploration
> ObjC.classes                                    # List all classes
> ObjC.classes.NSURLSession                       # Check if class exists
> ObjC.classes.AppDelegate.$methods               # List methods
> ObjC.classes.AppDelegate['- isLoggedIn'].implementation  # Read method

# Hook method and modify return value
Interceptor.attach(ObjC.classes.AuthManager['- isAuthenticated'].implementation, {
    onLeave: function(retval) {
        retval.replace(ptr(1));  // Force return TRUE
    }
});

5.2 Objection iOS Commands

objection -g com.target.app explore

# Keychain
> ios keychain dump

# Cookies
> ios cookies get

# Pasteboard
> ios pasteboard monitor

# Jailbreak detection bypass
> ios jailbreak disable

# SSL pinning bypass
> ios sslpinning disable

# Binary info
> ios info binary

# Hooking
> ios hooking watch class AppDelegate
> ios hooking watch method "-[AuthManager isAuthenticated]" --dump-args --dump-return
> ios hooking set return_value "-[AuthManager isJailbroken]" false

5.3 Cycript (Legacy but Useful)

// Attach to running app
cycript -p com.target.app

// Explore UI hierarchy
UIApp.keyWindow.recursiveDescription().toString()

// Find view controllers
[UIWindow.keyWindow().rootViewController _printHierarchy].toString()